
We’ve just wrapped up a visit to Turkey where we attended a conference sponsored by Koç (pronounced “coach”) University. It went under the title “Irregular Migration at Two Borders: The Turkish-EU and Mexican-USA Cases”. If that seems like an ambitiously broad scope for a one and a half day conference, that’s because it is. The goal of the university is to eventually compile the research of the conference’s participants as well as the round table discussion into some sort of publication, so we’ll keep you updated.
But for now, we wanted to highlight a report Human Rights Watch presented at the conference which brought the differences between the U.S.-Mexico and E.U.-Turkey borders into focus.
A person seeking asylum is a rare thing on the U.S.-Mexico border. In the 1980s, refugees from Central American conflict were common, and in the past few months the flow of refugees fleeing drug violence has increased. But the number of Iraqis, Afghans and others flowing into Turkey and to the limits of the E.U. is in the thousands. The Human Rights Watch report notes that instances of migrants apprehended in Greece seeking asylum have risen substantially over the past few years: 5 times more 2007 than in 2003. During that time, the majority of these potential refugees came from Iraq.
The report focuses on the treatment of those apprehended in both Greece and Turkey. Through numerous interviews, it uncovers a pattern of systematic abuses in both countries. The report’s author, Bill Frelick, said he saw Greek police loading up boats with migrants and shoving the oar-less craft across the Evros river onto Turkish shores. It is likely that some in those boats had legitimate claims to political asylum in the EU. The human rights guarantee of asylum is that a person not be sent back to a country where they will face persecution, degrading treatment, or worse. The report notes that in Greece a whopping %0.04 of asylum claims are approved. Sadly, Greece is handling a large amount of EU asylum seekers.
Geographically, Turkey is the perfect funnel for migrant traffic from the middle east to the EU via land or sea, and the European asylum system forces refugees to apply for asylum in the first place they arrive. So, between the difficulties of making their way into Europe and those associated with actually being approved for asylum in Greece, refugees are stuck as the Spanish expression goes entre la espada y la pared, between the sword and the wall.